Diaphragms and Caps

Last Updated on Monday, 22 February 2010 09:43

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Diaphragms and caps are barrier methods that prevent sperm meeting an egg. They fit inside the vagina and cover the cervix (entrance to the womb). They're made of latex (rubber) or polyurethane (plastic). They come in different shapes and sizes.

Vaginal diaphragms are circular domes with flexible rims. Caps are smaller than diaphragms. To be effective they need to be used with spermicide - a special cream or pessary that kills sperm.

What are the chances of getting pregnant when using diaphragms or caps?

Their effectiveness depends on how carefully they're used. They are 92-96 per cent effective when used according to instructions. This means that using either method, between four and eight women in 100 will get pregnant in a year.
Diaphragms and caps need to be used each time you have sex. Spermicide is applied to the diaphragm or cap, which is then inserted into the vagina to cover the cervix. They can be inserted any time before sex but if it's more than three hours before sex you must use more spermicide.
The cap or diaphragm needs to be left in place for at least six hours after the last time you had sex. It can be left in longer if necessary.

Advantages:

• You only have to use it when you have sex
• It has no serious health risks
• There's a choice of different types
• It can be put in at any convenient time before sex
• It may give some protection against cervical cancer

Disadvantages:

• Putting it in at the time of sex can be an interruption
• Some people find the spermicide messy
• Some diaphragm users find they get cystitis (changing to a smaller diaphragm or cap can help)
• Some people are sensitive to the chemicals in latex diaphragms or caps or to the spermicide
• Oil-based lubricants such as body oils or lotions should not be used with latex diaphragms or caps